忥çšããã³æ œå¹ã®äžçãæ¢æ±ããã®ã¬ã€ãã¯ãããã³ã®çš®é¡ãæ œå¹æè¡ãåžå Žååã課é¡ããããŠäžçäžã®æ œå¹è ã®ããã®å°æ¥å±æãç¶²çŸ ããŠããŸãã
æåãè²ãïŒåæ¥çšããã³æ œå¹äºæ¥ã®ã°ããŒãã«æŠèŠ
ããã³æ œå¹ã¯ãããããªèŸ²æ¥å®è·µãããå¥åº·çã§æç¶å¯èœãªé£ææºãžã®æ¶è²»è éèŠã®å¢å ã«çœåŒãããäžççãªéèŠç£æ¥ãžãšé²åããŸããããã®å æ¬çãªã¬ã€ãã§ã¯ãåçš®ã®éžå®ãæ œå¹æè¡ããåžå Žååãå°æ¥ã®å±æãŸã§ãäžçäžã®åæ¥çšããã³æ œå¹äºæ¥ã®è€éãªåŽé¢ãæ¢ããŸãã
äžçã®ããã³åžå ŽïŒæŠèŠ
äžçã®ããã³åžå Žã¯è¿å¹Žãèããæé·ãéããŠãããä»åŸãæ¡å€§ãç¶ããšäºæž¬ãããŠããŸããäž»ãªæšé²èŠå ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
- æ¶è²»è ã®æèåäžïŒç¹ã«é«ãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªå«æéãæé žåäœçšãšãã£ããããã³ã®æ é€äžã®å©ç¹ã«å¯Ÿããçè§£ãæ·±ãŸã£ãŠããŸãã
- ããžã¿ãªã¢ã³ããã³ãŽã£ãŒã¬ã³é£ã®éèŠå¢å ïŒããã³ã¯äººæ°ã®è代æ¿åã§ãããæ€ç©ç±æ¥é£ååéã§ã®éèŠãçœåŒããŠããŸãã
- æççšéã®æ¡å€§ïŒã·ã§ããå®¶åºæç人ãåæ§ã«ãæ§ã ãªæçã«ãããããã³ã®å€æ§æ§ãæ¢æ±ããŠããŸãã
- è¬çšããã³ã®ç ç©¶ïŒè¬çšããã³ã®æœåšçãªå¥åº·å¹æãžã®é¢å¿ãé«ãŸã£ãŠããŸãã
åžå Žã¯ãçš®é¡ïŒäŸïŒã¢ã¬ãªã¯ã¹ããã©ã¿ã±ãã·ã€ã¿ã±ïŒãçšéïŒé£çšãè¬çšãåç²§åçšïŒãå°åã«ãã£ãŠåºåãããŸããäž»èŠçç£åœã«ã¯äžåœãç±³åœããªã©ã³ããããŒã©ã³ããã€ã¿ãªã¢ãå«ãŸããŸããã¢ãžã¢ãã¢ããªã«ãåç±³ã®æ°èåžå Žãæ¥çã®æé·ã«è²¢ç®ããŠããŸãã
åæ¥æ œå¹ã«ãããäž»èŠãªããã³ã®çš®é¡
äžçäžã§åæ¥æ œå¹ãããŠããããã³ã«ã¯ããã€ãã®çš®é¡ããããããããã«ç¬èªã®ç¹åŸŽãšåžå Žã®éèŠããããŸãã
Agaricus bisporusïŒããã·ã¥ã«ãŒã ãã¯ã¬ãããããŒããããŒïŒ
äžçã§æãåºãæ œå¹ãããŠããããã³ã§ããAgaricus bisporusã¯ãããã³ç·çç£éã®ããªãã®éšåãå ããŠããŸãããã¯ã€ãããã·ã¥ã«ãŒã ãã¯ã¬ããïŒãã©ãŠã³ããã·ã¥ã«ãŒã ïŒãããŒããããŒïŒæçããã¯ã¬ããïŒãªã©ãæ§ã ãªåœ¢ã§å ¥æå¯èœã§ãããããã®ããã³ã¯æ¯èŒçæ œå¹ã容æã§ãå¹ åºãæççšéããããŸãã
æ œå¹äžã®æ³šæç¹ïŒAgaricus bisporusã¯éåžžãç¹å®ã®æž©åºŠã»æ¹¿åºŠèŠä»¶ãåããç°å¢å¶åŸ¡å®€ã§ãå è¥åãããå¹å°ã§æ œå¹ãããŸããæ œå¹ãµã€ã¯ã«ã¯ãçš®èæ¥çš®ãã±ãŒã·ã³ã°ããããŠæ°é±éã«ãããåç©«ãå«ã¿ãŸããç æ°ãé²ããåéãæå€§åããããã«ã¯ãé©åãªææ°ãšè¡ç管çãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
Pleurotus spp.ïŒãã©ã¿ã±é¡ïŒ
ãã©ã¿ã±ã¯ãäžçã§2çªç®ã«äººæ°ã®ããåæ¥æ œå¹ããã³ã§ãã倿§ãªåœ¢ãè²ã颚å³ããããŠèŸ²æ¥å»æ£ç©ãå«ãå¹ åºãå¹å°ã§æé·ããèœåã§ç¥ãããŠããŸããäžè¬çãªåçš®ã«ã¯ä»¥äžããããŸãã
- Pleurotus ostreatusïŒãã©ã¿ã±ïŒïŒæãäžè¬çãªåçš®ã§ããã€ã«ãã§ç¹çްãªé¢šå³ããããŸãã
- Pleurotus pulmonariusïŒãŠã¹ãã©ã¿ã±ïŒïŒæž©æãªæ°åã«é©ããèç±æ§ã®ããåçš®ã§ãã
- Pleurotus eryngiiïŒãšãªã³ã®ïŒïŒå€ªãèåãªèãšé¢šå³è±ããªå³ããã§ç¥ãããŠããŸãã
æ œå¹äžã®æ³šæç¹ïŒãã©ã¿ã±ã¯ãèåºããã°æ œå¹ãåæšæ œå¹ããã¬ã€æ œå¹ãªã©ãæ§ã ãªæè¡ãçšããŠæ œå¹ã§ããŸããæ¯èŒçè²ãŠããããããå°èŠæš¡ããå€§èŠæš¡ãªäºæ¥ãŸã§äººæ°ã®éžæè¢ã§ããæé©ãªåéãåŸãããã«ã¯ãé©åãªå¹å°æºåãšç°å¢å¶åŸ¡ãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
Lentinula edodesïŒã·ã€ã¿ã±ïŒ
ã·ã€ã¿ã±ã¯ããã®è±ããªããŸå³ãšè¬å¹ã§çéãããŠããŸããæ±ã¢ãžã¢åç£ã§ãäœäžçŽã«ãããã£ãŠæ œå¹ãããŠããŸãããã·ã€ã¿ã±ã¯éåžžãåºèæš¹ã®åæšãŸãã¯æ é€ãæ·»å ããããããå¹å°ã§æ œå¹ãããŸãã
æ œå¹äžã®æ³šæç¹ïŒã·ã€ã¿ã±ã®æ œå¹ã¯ãããã·ã¥ã«ãŒã ããã©ã¿ã±ã®æ œå¹ãããé£ãããæž©åºŠã湿床ãå ã®æ³šææ·±ã管çãå¿ èŠã§ããåæšæ œå¹ã¯äŒçµ±çãªæ¹æ³ã§ãããæ é€ãæ·»å ããããããæ œå¹ã§ã¯ãããè¿ éã§äºæž¬å¯èœãªåéãåŸãããŸããæ±æãé²ãããã«ã¯ãæ» èãšé©åãªæ¥çš®æè¡ãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
ãã®ä»åæ¥æ œå¹ãããŠããããã³
äžèšã®ä»ã«ãåæ¥æ œå¹ãããŠããããã³ã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããªãã®ããããŸãã
- Flammulina velutipesïŒãšããã¿ã±ïŒïŒé·ããŠçްãèãšãã€ã«ããªé¢šå³ã§ç¥ãããŠããŸãã
- Hericium erinaceusïŒã€ããã·ã¿ã±ïŒïŒæœåšçãªèªç¥æ©èœãžã®å¹æãšç¬ç¹ã®é£æã§äººæ°ãé«ãŸã£ãŠããŸãã
- Grifola frondosaïŒãã€ã¿ã±ïŒïŒè€éã§åã®éŠããããå€åèé¡ã§ãã
- Agaricus brasiliensisïŒãã¡ããã¿ã±ïŒïŒè¬å¹ã§è©äŸ¡ãããŠããã¢ã¬ãªã¯ã¹å±ã®å¥çš®ã§ãã
忥ããã³æ œå¹ã«ãããæ œå¹æè¡
忥ããã³æ œå¹ã§ã¯ãåéãšå質ãæé©åããããã«æ§ã ãªæè¡ãçšããããŸãããããã®æè¡ã¯ã倧ãŸãã«æ¬¡ã®ããã«åé¡ã§ããŸãã
å¹å°ã®æºå
å¹å°ã¯ããã³ã®æé·ã«å¿ èŠãªæ é€çŽ ãäŸçµŠããŸããæåããæ œå¹ã®ããã«ã¯ãé©åãªå¹å°æºåãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããäžè¬çãªå¹å°ã«ã¯ä»¥äžããããŸãã
- å è¥åå¹å°ïŒäž»ã«Agaricus bisporusã«äœ¿çšãããå è¥åå¹å°ã¯éåžžã麊ãããå¹²ãèãé¶ç³ãªã©ã®èŸ²æ¥è³æã®æ··åç©ããæããŸããå è¥åããã»ã¹ã«ããããããã®ææãããã³è糞äœã«ãšã£ãŠæ¶åãããã圢ã«åè§£ãããŸãã
- æ 逿·»å ããããïŒã·ã€ã¿ã±ããã©ã¿ã±ãªã©æ§ã ãªçš®é¡ã®ããã³ã«äœ¿çšãããæ é€æ·»å ããããå¹å°ã¯éåžžããµããŸãç±³ã¬ããã³ãŒã³ããŒã«ãªã©ã®æ é€çŽ ãæ··ããåºèæš¹ã®ããããããæããŸãã
- 蟲æ¥å»æ£ç©ïŒãã©ã¿ã±ã¯ã麊ãããã³ãŒããŒãããæ®µããŒã«ãªã©ã®èŸ²æ¥å»æ£ç©ã§ã®æ œå¹ã«ç¹ã«é©ããŠããŸããããã¯æç¶å¯èœã§è²»çšå¯Ÿå¹æã®é«ãéžæè¢ãšãªãåŸãŸãã
å¹å°ã®æºåã«ã¯ãæ··åãå æ°Žãäœæž©æ®ºèãŸãã¯æ» èãå·åŽãªã©ããã€ãã®ã¹ããããå«ãŸããŸãã䜿çšãããå ·äœçãªæ¹æ³ã¯ãå¹å°ã®çš®é¡ãšæ œå¹ãããããã³ã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸãã
ç°å¢å¶åŸ¡
ããã³ã¯ç°å¢æ¡ä»¶ã«éåžžã«ææã§ããç°å¢å¶åŸ¡å蟲æ¥ïŒCEAïŒã¯ã忥ããã³æ œå¹ã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ããå¶åŸ¡ãã¹ãäž»èŠãªãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
- 枩床ïŒããã³ã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠæž©åºŠèŠä»¶ã¯ç°ãªããŸããæé©ãªæé·ãšåå®äœåœ¢æã®ããã«ã¯ã粟å¯ãªæž©åºŠå¶åŸ¡ãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
- 湿床ïŒããã³æ œå¹ã«ã¯éåžžãé«ã湿床ã¬ãã«ãå¿ èŠã§ããæ¹¿åºŠã¯å 湿åšããã¹ãè£ çœ®ããŸãã¯æ°åå·åŽã·ã¹ãã ã䜿çšããŠå¶åŸ¡ã§ããŸãã
- å ïŒããã³ã¯å åæã«å ãå¿ èŠãšããŸããããäžéšã®çš®é¡ã¯é©åãªçºè²ã®ããã«äœã¬ãã«ã®å ããå©çãåŸãŸãã
- ææ°ïŒäºé žåççŽ ãé€å»ããé žçŽ ãäŸçµŠããããã«ã¯é©åãªææ°ãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããååãªææ°ã¯ç åèã®èç©ãé²ãã®ã«ã圹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
忥ããã³èŸ²å Žã§ã¯ãæé©ãªç°å¢æ¡ä»¶ãç¶æããããã«ãé«åºŠãªæ°åå¶åŸ¡ã·ã¹ãã ããã°ãã°äœ¿çšãããŸãããããã®ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãã»ã³ãµãŒã®èªã¿åãå€ãšäºåã«ããã°ã©ã ããããã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã«åºã¥ããŠãæž©åºŠãæ¹¿åºŠãææ°ãèªåçã«èª¿æŽã§ããŸãã
çš®èæ¥çš®
æ¥çš®ãšã¯ãããã³ã®çš®èïŒæ äœå¹å°ã§å¹é€ããè糞äœïŒãæºåããå¹å°ã«å°å ¥ããå·¥çšã§ããå¥åº·ãªè糞ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã確ç«ããããã«ã¯ãé©åãªæ¥çš®æè¡ãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
æ¥çš®çïŒå¹å°åäœãããã®äœ¿çšçš®èéïŒã¯ããã³ã®çš®é¡ãå¹å°ã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸããæ¥çš®äžã®æ±æãé²ãããã«ã¯ãé©åãªè¡ç管çãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
åå®äœçºçãšåç©«
è糞äœãå¹å°ã«å®å šã«èå»¶ããããç°å¢æ¡ä»¶ãæäœããããšã§åå®äœã®çºçãä¿ãããšãã§ããŸããããã«ã¯éåžžãæž©åºŠãäžããæ¹¿åºŠãäžããå ãåœãŠãïŒå¿ èŠãªå ŽåïŒããšãå«ãŸããŸããåå®äœã®çºçããã»ã¹ã¯ãããã³ã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠæ°æ¥ããæ°é±éããããŸãã
åç©«ã¯ãæé©ãªæç段éã«ããããã³ãæ éã«æã¿åãäœæ¥ã§ããæ®ãã®è糞äœã«æå·ãäžããããã®åŸã®ããã³ã®çºçïŒãã©ãã·ã¥ïŒã確å®ã«ããããã«ã¯ãé©åãªåç©«æè¡ãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
ããã³æ œå¹ã«ãããæç¶å¯èœãªå®è·µ
æç¶å¯èœæ§ã¯ãããã³æ œå¹ãå«ã蟲æ¥åéã§ãŸããŸãéèŠã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã忥çãªããã³äºæ¥ã§å®æœã§ããæç¶å¯èœãªå®è·µã«ã¯ã以äžã®ãããªãã®ããããŸãã
- 廿£ç©ã®åæžãšãªãµã€ã¯ã«ïŒèŸ²æ¥å»æ£ç©ãããã³æ œå¹ã®å¹å°ãšããŠå©çšããããšã§ã廿£ç©ãåæžãã埪ç°åçµæžãåµåºã§ããŸããäœ¿çšæžã¿ã®ããã³å¹å°ã¯å è¥åããŠå壿¹è¯å€ãšããŠäœ¿çšã§ããŸãã
- æ°Žã®ä¿å šïŒç¯æ°Žåã®çæŒã·ã¹ãã ãå°å ¥ããæ°Žããªãµã€ã¯ã«ããããšã§ãæ°Žæ¶è²»éãåæžã§ããŸãã
- ãšãã«ã®ãŒå¹çïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒå¹çã®è¯ãç §æãææ¿ãå·æ¿ã·ã¹ãã ã䜿çšããããšã§ããšãã«ã®ãŒæ¶è²»éãšæž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹æåºéãåæžã§ããŸãã
- ç·åçç 害è«ç®¡çïŒç·åçç 害è«ç®¡çæŠç¥ã宿œããããšã§ã蟲è¬ã®äœ¿çšãæå°éã«æããããšãã§ããŸãã
- ææ©èªèšŒïŒææ©èªèšŒãååŸããããšã§ãããã³ã®åžå ŽäŸ¡å€ãé«ããç°å¢æèã®é«ãæ¶è²»è ã«ã¢ããŒã«ã§ããŸãã
äžççãªæç¶å¯èœãªå®è·µã®äŸïŒ
- ãªã©ã³ãïŒãªã©ã³ãã®å€ãã®ããã³èŸ²å Žã§ã¯ãæ°Žãšæ é€çŽ ããªãµã€ã¯ã«ããééåã·ã¹ãã ã䜿çšããŠããŸãã
- äžåœïŒäžéšã®äžåœã®ããã³èŸ²å Žã§ã¯ãäºæ¥ã®ååæºãšããŠå€ªéœãšãã«ã®ãŒãå©çšããŠããŸãã
- ç±³åœïŒç±³åœã®ããã€ãã®ããã³èŸ²å Žã§ã¯ãäœ¿çšæžã¿ã®ããã³å¹å°ãå©çšããŠãå è¥ãå¹é€åãªã©ã®ä»å 䟡å€è£œåã補é ããŠããŸãã
ããã³åžå Žã«ããã課é¡ãšæ©äŒ
ããã³åžå Žã¯ãäžçäžã®æ œå¹è ã«ãšã£ãŠèª²é¡ãšæ©äŒã®äž¡æ¹ãæäŸããŸãã
課é¡
- ç«¶äºïŒããã³åžå Žã¯ãç¹ã«ããã·ã¥ã«ãŒã ã®ãããªæ±çšããã³ã«ãããŠãç«¶äºãéåžžã«æ¿ãããªãããšããããŸãã
- ç 害è«ç®¡çïŒããã³èŸ²å Žã¯æ§ã ãªç æ°ã害è«ã®åœ±é¿ãåãããããåéãå€§å¹ ã«æžå°ãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
- ç°å¢å¶åŸ¡ïŒæé©ãªç°å¢æ¡ä»¶ãç¶æããããšã¯ãå°é£ã§è²»çšããããå ŽåããããŸãã
- 人件費ïŒããã³æ œå¹ã¯ãç¹ã«åç©«æã«åŽåéçŽçã«ãªãããšããããŸãã
- ãµãã©ã€ãã§ãŒã³ã®æ··ä¹±ïŒããã³ã¯è ããããããããµãã©ã€ãã§ãŒã³ã®æ··ä¹±ã«å¯ŸããŠè匱ã§ãã
æ©äŒ
- éèŠã®å¢å ïŒããã³ã«å¯ŸããéèŠã®å¢å ã¯ãæ œå¹è ã«ãšã£ãŠå€§ããªæ©äŒãšãªããŸãã
- ä»å 䟡å€è£œåïŒä¹Ÿç¥ããã³ãããã³ããŠããŒãããã³ãšãã¹ãªã©ã®ä»å 䟡å€è£œåãéçºããããšã§ãåçæ§ãé«ããããšãã§ããŸãã
- ç¹æ®ããã³åžå ŽïŒã·ã€ã¿ã±ããã©ã¿ã±ãã€ããã·ã¿ã±ãªã©ã®ç¹æ®ããã³ãæ œå¹ããããšã§ãããé«ãäŸ¡æ Œã§è²©å£²ã§ããŸãã
- åçŽèŸ²æ³ïŒåçŽèŸ²æ³ã®æè¡ã¯ãåéãå¢ãããåå°å©çšãæžããããšãã§ããŸãã
- è¬çšããã³åžå ŽïŒè¬çšããã³ãžã®é¢å¿ã®é«ãŸãã¯ãæ œå¹è ã«ãšã£ãŠå€§ããªæ©äŒãšãªããŸãã
忥çšããã³æ œå¹ã®æªæ¥
忥çšããã³æ œå¹ã®æªæ¥ã¯ã以äžã®ãããªèŠå ã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢äœãããã§ãããã
- æè¡ã®é²æ©ïŒèªååã粟å¯èŸ²æ¥ãããŒã¿åæããããã³çç£ã®æé©åã«ãããŠãŸããŸãéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæããããã«ãªããŸãã
- æç¶å¯èœãªå®è·µïŒæ¶è²»è ãšèŠå¶åœå±ã¯ãããæç¶å¯èœãªçç£æ¹æ³ãæ±ãç¶ããã§ãããã
- æ°è£œåéçºïŒããã³ããŒã¹ã®è£œåã«ãããã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ãåžå Žã®æé·ãçœåŒããŸãã
- ã°ããŒããªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ïŒããã³åžå Žã¯ãŸããŸãã°ããŒãã«åããåœã ã®éã®è²¿æãšç«¶äºãæ¿åããŸãã
- ç ç©¶éçºïŒããã³ã®éºäŒåŠãæ œå¹æè¡ãè¬å¹ã«é¢ããç¶ç¶çãªç ç©¶ããæ¥çã®ãããªã鲿©ã«ã€ãªãããŸãã
æªæ¥ã®ãã¬ã³ãã®äŸïŒ
- åçŽèŸ²æ³ïŒåçŽèŸ²æ³ãå©çšããéœåžåããã³èŸ²å Žãç»å Žãã人å£å¯éå°ã§å°å ç£ã®ããã³ãäŸçµŠããŠããŸããäŸïŒæ¥æ¬ã®ããã€ãã®äŒæ¥ãå€§èŠæš¡ãªåçŽããã³èŸ²å Žã®å é§ããšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
- ããã·ã¥ã«ãŒã ã¬ã¶ãŒïŒããã³ãåæãšããã¬ã¶ãŒä»£æ¿åã®éçºã泚ç®ãéããŠãããåç©æ§ã¬ã¶ãŒã«ä»£ããæç¶å¯èœãªéžæè¢ãæäŸããŠããŸããäŸïŒCompanies like Mylo⢠are creating mushroom leather for fashion and automotive applications.
- ãã€ã³ã¬ã¡ãã£ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ïŒããã³ã䜿ã£ãŠæ±æãããåå£ãæ°Žãæµåããæè¡ã¯ã倧ããªå¯èœæ§ãç§ããæ°èåéã§ããäŸïŒç ç©¶æ©é¢ããç°å¢ããééå±ãæ±æç©è³ªãé€å»ããããã«ããã³ãå©çšããç ç©¶ãé²ããŠããŸãã
çµè«
忥çšããã³æ œå¹ã¯ã倧ããªæé·ã®å¯èœæ§ãç§ãããã€ãããã¯ã§é²åãç¶ããç£æ¥ã§ããããã³æ œå¹ã®äž»èŠãªåŽé¢ãçè§£ããæç¶å¯èœãªå®è·µãå°å ¥ããæè¡ã®é²æ©ãåãå ¥ããããšã§ãæ œå¹è ã¯ãã®åºæ¿çã§ããããã®ããåéã§æåãåããããšãã§ããŸããããã³ã«å¯ŸããäžççãªéèŠã¯ä»åŸãé«ãŸãç¶ãã驿°çãªæ œå¹è ãä»åŸæ°å¹Žéã§ç¹æ ããæ©äŒãæäŸããã§ããããããã³åžå Žã®æªæ¥ã¯æãããå°æ¥ã®äžä»£ã«å¥åº·çã§æç¶å¯èœãªé£ææºãçŽæããŸãã